There's a NASA base in my home town, and a small planetarium and telescope on top of the local mountain, near a public campground. Folks from NASA give talks at the planetarium sometimes. About 10 years ago I was camping up there, and walked over to listen to a talk from a NASA lady about asteroids and meteoroids. She was involved in a safety study for future manned moon landings. (BTW, she said that during the early Saturn program, the go/no-go criteria for a manned rocket launch was a 50% chance of human survival. I.e. if they assessed a better than 50% chance that the astronauts would survive the mission, they would push the button to launch the rocket. Today that number is more like 99.7%.)
She pointed out that if an asteroid or meteoroid hit the surface while an astronaut was there, the debris kicked up by the impact could penetrate a spacesuit. So she was studying the frequency of asteroid impacts on the moon's surface. When an asteroid hits the moon, it kicks up a big cloud of debris, which - in the light of the sun - will appear as a bright flash in a video image - like your photos of the space station. So they setup a video camera on a tripod on the NASA base here and kept it trained on the moon every night, analyzing the video via computer algorithms for flashes of light. They realized that a lot of the flashes they were seeing were not surface impacts, but instead were space debris passing between earth and moon and illuminated by the sun - like your space station photos. So they setup a second camera near Atlanta - about 150 miles away. The dual cameras allowed them to triangulate the two video streams to distinguish surface impacts from other, closer, objects.
